Historic Czech town Mělík // Historicke Česke mesto Mělník

The historic town of Mělník is located approximately 30km north of the capital, Prague.

Historické mesto Mělník sa nachádza približne 30Km severne od hlavného mesta, Prahy.

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Its origin is attributed to the Pšovan tribe, a small settlement on the site of Mělník Castle in the 9th century, which is also confirmed by a survey of the fortification of the town of Mělník, when it was found that the foundations of the walls were also built sometime in the 9th century

Jeho vznik sa pripisuje kmeňu Pšovanov, ty malý osídlenie na mieste Mělnickeho zámku v 9 storoci, čo potvrdzuje aj vyskum fortifikacie mesta Mělnik, kedy bolo zistene, ze zaklady hradieb boly postavene taktiez niekedy v 9 storoci.

The oldest preserved mention of the town of Mělník is from 25 November 1274 on the charter of the kingPřemysl Otakar II.At that time Mělník was already a town.

Najstaršia dochovaná zmienka o Meste Mělník je z 25. novembra 1274 na listine kráľa Přemysl Otakar II.
V tej dobe bolo Mělník už Mesto.

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The surroundings of the town are wooded countryside, which gradually changes into fields of corn, poppy and millet.

Okolie mesta je lemovane lestnatou krajivou,ktora sa pozvolna meni na polia kukurice, maku a prosa.

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The southern side of the town is bordered by the confluence of the Elbe and Vltava rivers. Again, this is a river road near which there was a hill of volcanic origin as in Louny. It is an ideal place for settlement, as in Louny (the Ohře River flows there, there was a ford across the river).

Južnú stranu mesta lemuje sútok riek Labe a Vltava. Opäť sa jedna o riečnu cestu pri ktorej sa nachádzal kopec vulkanického pôvodu ako v Lounech. Ideálne miesto na vznik osídlenia, tak ako v Lounech (tam tečie rieka Ohře, bol tam brod cez rieku)

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Peace Square consists of a castle and three streets, in the shape of a trident, where the northern and central streets start at the castle and end at a large spacious car park.

Námestie Mieru sa skladá zo zámku a troch ulíc, v tvare trojzubca, kde severná a stredná ulica začína pri zámku a konči na veľkom priestrannom parkovisku.

The photo shows the Elbe, Mělník Castle and the lava part of the Peace Square.

Na fotke je Labe, zámok Mělník láva časť námestia mieru.

On the photo is the right part of the installation
Na fotke je pravá časť namestia

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Mělník Castle was the original seat of the Pšovans when the last prince of this family, Slavibor, gave his daughter Ludmila to the first Czech prince Bořivoj. This is how one of the most famous Bohemian families came into being, when the blood of St. Ludmila circulated in most of the ruling families in Europe.

Zámok Mělník bol pôvodným sídlom Pšovanov, kedy posledné knieža tohto rodu Slavibor vydal svoju dcéru Ľudmilu prvému českému kniežaťu Bořivojovi. Takto vznikol jeden z najslávnejších českých rodov kedy krv Svätej Ľudmily koluje vo väčšine vládnucich rodoch v Európe.

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The main landmark of the Peace Square is the town hall. Its origins date back to the 14th century, when the original rychta (the place where the richtár resided) was bought by the town and rebuilt into a town hall. The town hall consists of three separate houses.

Hlavnou dominantou Mierového námestia je mestská radnica. Jej počiatok sa pripisuje do 14 storočia kedy pôvodnú rychtu (miesto kde sídlil richtár) odkúpilo mesto a prestavalo ju na radnicu. Radnica sa skladá z troch oddelených domov.

Ľavého a pravého krídla,
ktoré slúžili pre osobne účely mesta a Centrálneho domu, ktorý slúžil pre zasadanie radných.

Left and right wing,
which served for the personal purposes of the city and the Central House, which served for the councillors' meeting.

If this square looks familiar to you, it's because it served as the backdrop for the Stonecutter movies.

Ak by vám toto námestie bolo povedome, je to pretože slúžilo ako kulisy k filmom Kameňák.

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Významnou súčasťou námestia je fontána. Bola postavená v roku kedy nahradila pôvodnú studňu. Fontáne dominuje súsošie od Vincenta Makovskeho,
ktorý súsošie pomenoval "Vinobranie".

An important part of the square is the fountain. It was built in the year when it replaced the original well. The fountain is dominated by a sculpture by Vincent Makovsky,
who named the sculpture "Vintage"

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The House at the Golden Grape served as a cultural centre where the townspeople gathered for culture. In 1875, the play The Bartered Bride was staged here for the first time outside Prague.

Dom u zlatého hroznu, slúžil ako kultúrne centrum kde sa mešťania schádzali za kultúrou. V roku 1875 tu bolo odohraté predstavenie Predaná nevesta, po prvý krát mimo Prahu.

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Mestske podzemie / studna
Cely kopec na ktorom lezi Mělnik je z pieskovcovej horniny. Vdaka tomu sa pod mestom dali celkom jednoducho kopat tunely a pivnice. Co pomahalo obyvatelom ukryvat sa v dobach vojen alebo uskladnovat potraviny na horsie casi. Vacsina domov ma pivnice niekedy aj viac podlazne. Okrem pivnic sa pod mesto nachadzaju aj chodby ktore su z 80 percent nezdokumentovane. Z verejnena je chodba z namestia k mestskej studni, kde sa mozte vydat na prehliadku

Urban underground / well
The whole hill on which Mělník is situated is made of sandstone rock. Thanks to this, it was quite easy to dig tunnels and cellars under the town. This helped the inhabitants to hide in times of war or to store food for a worse time. Most of the houses have cellars, sometimes with several floors. In addition to cellars, there are also corridors under the city that are 80 percent undocumented. In the public domain there is a corridor from the accommodation to the town well, where you can go on a tour

Mury klenby sú hrubé 0.6M. Vladne tam velmy ustalena teplota 8-12 stupnov, co bolo idealne na uskladnovanie potravin. Studnu kopali rucne v druhej polovici 13 storocia. Do 16 storocia bola studna jedinym pitnym zdrojom v meste.

The walls of the vault are 0.6M thick. The temperature there is very stable at 8-12 degrees, which was ideal for food storage. The well was dug by hand in the second half of the 13th century. Until the 16th century the well was the only drinking source in the town.

Until the 16th century, the well was the only source of drinking water in the town.

Do 16 storočia bola studňa jediným pitným zdrojom v meste.

The well was dug by hand in the second half of the 13th century.

Studňu kopali ručne v druhej polovici 13 storočia.

The underground corridor to the well is 62.5 metres long.

Podzemná chodba k studni je dlha 62.5 metra.

On the ceiling of the well we can see a white coating, these are mini stalactites that have formed on it since the 17th century.

Na strope studne môžeme vidieť biely povlak, sú to mini krápniky, ktoré sa na ňom vytvorili od 17 storočia.

This well with its width of 4.5M is the widest in the Czech Republic.

Tato studňa zo svojou šírkou 4.5M je najširšia v ČR.

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Veža chrámu svätého Petra a Pavla je zo svojou výškou 60 metrov jednou z najvyšších stavieb na okolí.

At 60 metres high, the tower of the Church of Saints Peter and Paul is one of the tallest buildings in the area.

**Thanks to the hill on which the town is built, the tower offers a perfect view of the surroundings. You can see the confluence of the rivers Elbe and Vltava, the Řip mountain. **
Vďaka kopci na ktorom je mesto postavená je na veži dokonalý rozhľad po okolí. Je znej vidno sútok riek Labe a Vltavy, horu Řip.

Its balcony is at a height of 37 metres.

Jej balkón sa nachádza vo výške 37 metrou.

There are also other sights in the town such as a tour of the castle, the castle museum, the ossuary, excellent Czech beer in some of the pubs and super ice cream. You can buy excellent wine "Ludmila", from the vineyards on the cliff of Mělník, which belongs to the important Czech family Lobkowicz.

V meste sa nachádzajú aj ďalšie pamiatky ako prehliadka zámku, zámocké múzeum, kostnica, výborne české pivo v niektorých z pohostinstiev a super zmrzlina. Da sa zakúpiť výborne víno "Ľudmila", z viníc na brale Mělníka, ktoré patri významnému českému rodu Lobkowicz.

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ZDROJE:
https://www.kudyznudy.cz/aktivity/soutok-labe-a-vltavy
https://www.melnik.cz/pruvodce-mestem/ds-1028/p1=1047
https://www.google.com/maps/@50.3512109,14.4738735,735m/data=!3m1!1e3!5m1!1e4?entry=ttu
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radnice_v_M%C4%9Bln%C3%ADkuhttps://www.lobkowicz-melnik.cz/historie-zamku-melnik/
https://sk.mapy.cz/zakladni?source=firm&id=671506&x=14.4730557&y=50.3508833&z=17
https://www.infocesko.cz/content/stredni-cechy-severovychod-polabi-historicke-zajimavosti-pamatna-mista-zajimavosti-kamenna-fontana-melnik.aspx
https://sk.wander-book.com/veza-chramu-sv-petra-a-pavla-v-melniku-m3726.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobkowicz_family
https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%99emysl_Otakar_II.
**Tato fotka je požičaná z https://sk.mapy.cz/zakladni?source=firm&id=671506&x=14.4730557&y=50.3508833&z=17