Havana Capitol: curiosities [eng/esp]
Hello, my traveling friends. Today I have the great pleasure of sharing with you a visit that filled me with satisfaction because it is one of the iconic places in our capital. I am referring to the Havana Capitol.
After its restoration was completed in 2019, on the occasion of the city's 500th anniversary, I hadn't had the opportunity to tour it. So, with the excitement of a tourist in their own land, I joined one of the guided tours. I confess that it exceeded all my expectations. Currently, it is one of the most visited places in Havana, and for good reason.
One of the first things you should know if you plan to visit is that tickets are for scheduled times. There are five shifts in total, starting at 10:00 am. The experience is wonderful; we are assisted by a specialized guide, knowledgeable down to the smallest detail of the history enclosed within these walls.
Now, I invite you to join me as I uncover the curiosities and secrets I discovered in this emblematic place.
The Capitol was inaugurated on May 20, 1929, coinciding with Independence Day. The total cost was almost seventeen million dollars at the time, a fortune. What struck me most was that this colossal work was erected in just three years and fifty days. A great feat of engineering and construction!
It was built at the request of then-President Gerardo Machado, to house the bicameral Congress of the Republic: the Senate was located in the south wing and the House of Representatives in the north wing. As many of you know, its design was openly inspired by the United States Capitol, featuring a neoclassical façade with imposing columns and, of course, its famous dome.
Since 1959, its function changed, and it became the headquarters of the Cuban Academy of Sciences, also housing the Felipe Poey Science Museum. Finally, in 2010, it closed its doors to undergo a general restoration that lasted nine years, restoring it to its full splendor just in time for Havana's 500th birthday.
It is such an imposing structure that, from afar, your gaze is inevitably drawn to its majestic design and its magnificent dome. It measures 91 meters high and 32 meters in diameter. Most striking is that during the restoration, it was covered in 22-karat gold leaf, making it shine with special intensity under the Caribbean sun.
A curious detail that many may not notice: on top of the dome is a small structure that resembles a cap. Originally, it had five rotating spotlights to illuminate it, but they are no longer there. I was left imagining what that light would look like sweeping across the Havana night sky.
Standing at the foot of its staircase, I felt very small. As I climbed each of the 56 granite steps, I couldn't help but admire the two beautiful bronze sculptures guarding the entrance: on the right, The Guardian Virtue of the People, and on the left, Work. Each measures 6.5 meters high and is the work of the talented Italian sculptor Angelo Zanelli. They are simply spectacular!
Upon reaching the top of the staircase, you are greeted by twelve 16-meter-high granite columns. Standing between them makes you feel tiny. But the true prelude to what is to come are the doors. Three immense doors, with passages from Cuban history carved in bronze, and above them, beautiful marble bas-reliefs.
However, crossing the main door is the biggest surprise. It's a moment that stays with you. There, under the immense dome, we were greeted by the imposing sculpture The Republic.
It's another masterpiece by Zanelli, 17 meters tall and weighing 49 tons of bronze. It's hollow, and during the most recent restoration, it was laminated with three layers of 22-karat gold. This majestic sculpture is the third largest indoor statue in the world.
The designer was inspired by the Greek goddess Athena, but also wanted it to be a typical Cuban woman. For this, he used two Havana women as models: a mulatto woman named Lily Valty was the model for her body, and the beautiful Elena de Cárdenas y Echarte for her face.
Looking up and seeing the dome is an unforgettable experience; I truly enjoyed observing every detail that decorates the entire hall.
In the exact center of the hall and marking the axis of the building, is another of the great curiosities: the diamond that marks Kilometer 0 of the Cuban road network.
But it's a replica. An artificial diamond also donated by Russia. It weighs 25 carats, just like the original. The guide told us that this diamond was set in 2017. The story of the original diamond is straight out of a movie: it belonged to the last Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II, arrived in Havana in the hands of a Turkish jeweler who had acquired it in Paris, was set here, then mysteriously stolen in 1946 and, fortunately, recovered the following year. Today, the authentic and invaluable diamond rests safely in the vaults of the Central Bank of Cuba.
All of this is in the famous Hall of the Lost Steps. A name as poetic as it is apt. This Renaissance-style hall is monumental, almost 50 meters long, 14.5 meters wide, and almost 20 meters high. And why that name? Our guide explained it to us: it's due to the unique acoustics of the place. Steps, upon entering, "disappear" within the hall; they cannot be heard outside.
To round out the luxury of this place, I loved discovering the variety and origin of the marbles. There are Cuban marbles, of course, but also Italian and even Egyptian ones. Although my favorite is the green, I was particularly struck by a beautiful pink marble that came from Egypt.
In general, the style of the entire Capitol is defined as eclectic. And it's true: it's a harmonious blend of influences and styles that merge to create something unique, powerful, and profoundly Cuban.
My visit to the Capitol was a reconnection with the history of my city. I still have many things to tell you, and I promise to do so soon. Sharing them is the best way to keep our history alive.
See you soon!
Historical data was found on this site.
Capitolio de La Habana: curiosidades
Hola, mis amigos. Hoy tengo el enorme placer de compartir con ustedes una visita que me llenó de satisfacción porque es uno de los lugares icónicos de nuestra capital. Me refiero al Capitolio de La Habana.
Después de su restauración concluida en 2019, con motivo del 500 aniversario de la ciudad, no había tenido la oportunidad de recorrerlo. Así que, con la emoción de un turista en su propia tierra, me uní a una de las visitas guiadas. Les confieso que superó todas mis expectativas. Actualmente, es uno de los lugares más visitados de La Habana, y no es para menos.
Una de las primeras cosas que deben saber si planean visitarlo es que las entradas son para horarios programados. Hay cinco turnos en total, comenzando desde las 10:00 am. La experiencia es maravillosa, nos atiende una guía especializada, conocedora hasta el más mínimo detalle de la historia que encierran estos muros.
Ahora, los invito a que me acompañen para develar las curiosidades y secretos que fui descubriendo en este emblemático lugar.
El Capitolio fue inaugurado el 20 de mayo de 1929, coincidiendo con el Día de la Independencia. El costo total fue de casi diecisiete millones de dólares de la época, una fortuna. Lo que más me impactó es que esta colosal obra se levantó en solo 3 años y 50 días. ¡Una gran proeza de la ingeniería y la construcción!
Fue construido por encargo del entonces presidente Gerardo Machado, con el objetivo de albergar al Congreso de la República, que era bicameral: el Senado se ubicaba en el ala sur y la Cámara de Representantes en el ala norte. Como muchos sabrán, su diseño se inspiró abiertamente en el Capitolio de los Estados Unidos, presentando una fachada neoclásica con imponentes columnas y, por supuesto, su famosísima cúpula.
Desde 1959, su función cambió y pasó a ser la sede de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, albergando también el museo de ciencias Felipe Poey. Finalmente, en 2010, cerró sus puertas para someterse a una restauración general que duró nueve años, devolviéndole todo su esplendor justo para el cumpleaños 500 de La Habana.
Es una construcción tan imponente que, desde lejos, tu mirada es irremediablemente atraída por su majestuoso diseño y esa grandiosa cúpula. Mide 91 metros de altura y 32 de diámetro. Lo más llamativo es que durante la restauración fue recubierta con pan de oro de 22 quilates, por lo que brilla con una intensidad especial bajo el sol caribeño.
Un detalle curioso que quizás muchos no noten: sobre la cúpula hay una pequeña estructura que se asemeja a un gorro. Originalmente, tenía cinco reflectores giratorios para iluminarla, pero hoy ya no están. Me quedé imaginando cómo se vería esa luz barriendo el cielo nocturno de La Habana.
Al pararme al pie de su escalinata, me sentí muy pequeñita. Mientras subía cada uno de los 56 peldaños de granito, no podía dejar de admirar las dos hermosas esculturas de bronce que custodian la entrada: a la derecha, La Virtud Tutelar del Pueblo, y a la izquierda, El Trabajo. Cada una mide 6.50 metros de altura y son obra del talentoso escultor italiano Angelo Zanelli. ¡Son sencillamente espectaculares!
Al llegar a lo alto de la escalinata, te reciben doce columnas de granito de 16 metros de alto. Pararse entre ellas es sentirse diminuto. Pero el verdadero preludio de lo que viene son las puertas. Tres puertas inmensas, con pasajes de la historia cubana labrados en bronce, y sobre ellas, unos bajorrelieves de mármol de gran belleza.
Sin embargo, traspasar la puerta principal es la mayor sorpresa. Es un momento que se queda grabado. Allí, bajo la inmensa cúpula, nos recibió la imponente escultura de La República.
Es otra obra maestra de Zanelli, de 17 metros de altura, 49 toneladas de bronce. Es hueca, y durante la última restauración fue laminada con tres capas de oro de 22 quilates. Esta majestuosa escultura es la tercera estatua más grande del mundo bajo techo.
El autor se inspiró en la diosa griega Atenea, pero que a su vez quiso que fuera una típica mujer cubana. Para lo cual utilizó dos habaneras como modelos, una mulata llamada Lily Valty fue el modelo de su cuerpo y para el rostro, la hermosa Elena de Cárdenas y Echarte.
Mirar hacia arriba y ver la cúpula es una experiencia inolvidable, realmente disfrute mucho observando cada detalle que decora todo el salón.
En el centro exacto del salón y marcando el eje del edificio, se encuentra otra de las grandes curiosidades: el diamante que marca el Kilómetro 0 de la red de carreteras cubanas.
Pero, es una réplica. Un diamante artificial donado, también, por Rusia. Pesa 25 quilates, igual que el original. Nos contó la guía que este se colocó en 2017. La historia del diamante original es de película: perteneció al último zar de Rusia, Nicolás II, llegó a La Habana en manos de un joyero turco que lo había adquirido en París, fue colocado aquí, luego robado misteriosamente en 1946 y, afortunadamente, recuperado al año siguiente. Hoy, el auténtico y valiosísimo diamante descansa a salvo en las bóvedas del Banco Central de Cuba.
Todo esto está en el famosísimo Salón de los Pasos Perdidos. Un nombre tan poético como acertado. Este salón, de estilo renacentista, es monumental con casi 50 metros de largo, 14.5 de ancho y una altura de casi 20 metros. ¿Y por qué ese nombre? Nuestra guía nos lo explicó: se debe a la acústica única del lugar. Los pasos, al entrar, "se pierden" dentro del salón; no se escuchan hacia el exterior.
Para terminar de redondear el lujo de este lugar, me encantó descubrir la variedad y procedencia de los mármoles. Hay mármoles cubanos, por supuesto, pero también italianos y hasta egipcios. Aunque mi favorito es el verde, me llamó especialmente la atención un mármol rosa, bellísimo, que vino de Egipto.
En general, el estilo de todo el Capitolio se define como ecléctico. Y es verdad, es una armoniosa mezcla de influencias y estilos que se funden para crear algo único, poderoso y profundamente cubano.
Mi visita al Capitolio fue un reencuentro con la historia de mi ciudad. Aún tengo muchas cosas que contarles, les prometo hacerlo pronto, compartirla es la mejor manera de mantener viva nuestra historia.
¡Hasta pronto!
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the capitol building with its tall and sturdy pillars.
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Amazing vanisihg point and lines utilization!
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Un increíble viaje a través de las imágenes y el relato, es como si estuviera haciendo el Tour 😍 realmente el tiempo cerrado valió la pena, aunque es una lástima que ya no se pueda transitar por sus jardines